March 5, 2009

Closing the Barn Door

5:06 pm

It seems like every article, blog, lecture, or memo now starts out with the words, “In these economic times,” and then goes on to explain what should be done. In fact, I am sure we could find many articles starting out with some slight variation of this premise reading back a few days in this website. While many of the business practices and choices currently being made are a direct result of the poor performance of the economy in general, from a management consulting standpoint, there is nothing like necessity to make people actually take notice of good ideas. I would surmise that if you are using the current market conditions to employ a sound business decision, you are probably well behind the curve. A good idea today was probably a good idea 2 or 3 years ago in the days of double digit growth.

Of course I am being somewhat facetious and coldhearted.  Many of the decisions made today are both painful and undesirable to all involved, but necessary due to existing conditions. That does not change the fact that, in the past, there were many ideas that could have been taken advantage of in order to improve the well-being of individual firms while they still had the option. 
Suggestions on how to increase profitability and streamline efficiency have always been out there, but in good economic times it hardly seems necessary to make a change to a practice that could create more work and stifle growth in the short term for potential long term gain and stability. Just ask my wife, who has insisted for years I either paint or replace the railing on my front stoop. Why would I when, in my opinion, the railing looked fine?   While there were a few cosmetic blemishes, they were barely noticeable unless you were specifically looking for them. However, as if tempting the inevitable, I leaned up against the railing last month and fell into my holly bush. Sure, my parable of reckless abandon with marital bliss and home repair may seem silly but I knew that eventually the unpainted sections of wood were suspect to rot. I also knew what my wife said made sense but it would have taken time and money, both of which I did not want to spend.
I bring this up because I was recently speaking with an individual at a firm I have worked with quite regularly over the years; they thought the idea of me thrashing about in a holly bush quite amusing. This firm has been quite successful in past years and while they understood the concept of cross selling work and that introducing additional partners to certain client relationships would potentially yield more work overall and lead to greater client retention, this firm was satisfied with their current profitability strategy did not think it necessary at the time to encourage this behavior within their firm. 
I can’t say I blame them, after all “if it ain’t broke, don’t fix it,” right? Well, we won’t know for sure, but I do know that double digit growth is no longer on the horizon, or even in the rearview mirror. This client, like many others, is struggling to keep certain practice groups viable due to lack of work and significant client attrition. As for myself, I have a new vinyl railing that doesn’t need to be painted, a neatly trimmed holly bush, and am revisiting the list of home repairs given to me by my wife a few years ago. 

–Derek Schutz

Derek Schutz is the Director of Programs for the Business of Law team at Redwood/LexisNexis.

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February 25, 2009

Strategic Leverage: Just as Important as Ever

12:54 pm
It is part of my job to make sure I am up to speed on all the economic movements of firms here and abroad as this economic downturn has not trickled down but headed full- fledged into the legal industry. Each day I read article after article about associate and staff layoffs at firms of various sizes and peer status. In addition I attend conferences and listen to Managing Partners, CFOs, and other C-level staff address how to combat this downturn through various actions used to cut costs. At most conferences there has been an inevitable line of presentations on reducing overhead along with addressing the headcounts of staff and salaried timekeepers.   If I have to hear about controlling space planning and technology expenditures anymore I think my head might spin. 
I speak with CFOs all the time and the prevailing theme is that budgets have been cut so much recently that the line is very thin on providing appropriate support to the primary operations of the firm. I am not saying that these measures of analyzing overhead aren’t important. In fact I agree they are and should be done on a consistent basis, not just when there is an economic downturn. 
Most consultants I have spoken with all agree, if you had no strategic plan in place before the recession you are probably too late. Since many firms fall into that category they have fallen into an immediate cost cutting tactical strategy that almost completely focuses on the easiest things to cut (staff, associates, technology, etc.) In some cases the staff and associate cuts are valid in that the recession has produced a prime opportunity to do what was probably overdue in eliminating poor performers. For other cases it is the perceived method of addressing what aims to be a possible rough year or two. Unfortunately I feel that this method of reducing costs is shortsighted and evasive of one of the key detriments to firm performance within an economic downturn, underperforming partners.
Let’s address the shortsighted nature first. In the early 90s the legal industry felt the effects of a recession that lead to mass layoffs of associates and staff. As time passed and the economy improved those firms found difficulty in re-staffing properly for the growing legal work they were receiving. Gone were the associates who were already trained and ready to be the next leaders of the firm leaving a re-tooling effort that could have been avoided. By purging large numbers of associates it mortgages the future of the law firm, leaving a void to fill when the economy turns.  This, despite the fact that when it comes to strategic leverage, a well levered firm can be much more profitable. 
Strategic Leverage
Below is an extremely simplified view of the effects of leverage. Assuming 100% utilization and 1800 budgeted hours the impact of a shift in the non-partner to partner ratio of 1:1 to 3:1 clearly would reduce revenue, a point that is often used to counter the initiative of leverage, but the key statistic for the legal industry, Profits per Partner, increases. This is generally due to the higher percentage return that associates bring in. Another component that is not even captured in the model is a likely reduction in overhead. This sort of analysis should be done by firms on a consistent basis regardless of economy to find the right mix. You obviously need partners for reasons that anyone reading this blog should be aware of but leveraging is a true way to improve firm profitability. That fact reinforces the shortsighted nature of the removal of staff and associates for cost cutting purposes. You just cannot cut and cut all the way down into profitability.

 

Addressing the Economic Slowdown through Underperforming Partners

This leads into the other concerning trend I have seen. The legal industry is not focusing enough effort on underperforming partners.   As mentioned by my colleague Bo in his forward looking view of leverage last week, smart firms are the ones who will take this opportunity to deal with underperforming partners as well as associates. But we’re just not seeing it here in the US. 
I have often wondered why that is the case, but from many discussions with managing partners, the prevailing theme seems to be a feeling that by disturbing the “glue” it would show weakness and perhaps cause unrest among the other Partners. At face value I can understand, but the examples are before us where turning a blind eye to underperforming partners have contributed to successful partners actually leaving firms and causing those firms to fall into decline. I think the point is that subjectively most partnerships have a general idea on who is performing and who is not within the ranks. Technology and consulting can bring data to back those beliefs, but if nothing is done about the underperformers, the over performers may develop resentment as their pocketbooks get hit. 

Within recent weeks we have seen several firms release partners in the UK. Linklaters just announced a reduction in their partnership as has Addleshaw Goddard. The Times Online recently spoke with Nigel Boardman one of the UK law firm Slaughter and May’s top partners. He had several great quotes that illustrate this need to address underperforming partners, “I don’t think it follows that a downturn in work means that you cut your associates…If you have to cut, cut your partner profits and even your partners…good lawyers are hard to find.” Mr. Boardman is addressing that thinning the junior ranks will leave firms without qualified talent as the years go by and that is not a good long term strategy.

 

Profitability of law firm is driven by several factors, but the seemingly elephant in the room (cutting underperforming partners) seems to be a factor that firms have difficulty addressing. It could date to years gone by when partners were considered untouchable. Yet the recessions of the past have changed that as has the changing model of the law firm. This recession is weighing on the legal industry and those firms that finally address partners and practice areas that have not been performing to firm standards and make the move to strategically shift their firm for the long term are going to come out ahead when the economy turns the corner.

–Russ Haskin
Russ Haskin is Director of Consulting for Redwood Analytics/Lexis Nexis.

 

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February 20, 2009

A Different 2011 Scenario: Leverage Expands

5:01 pm

Over at the AmLawDaily, Paul Lippe recently caught our attention here at Redwood Analytics with his sensational headline, (“Welcome to the Future: The 2011 Scenario and the End of Leverage,”) but we’re having trouble connecting the dots to get to Mr. Lippe’s vision for the future of the legal industry.

Mr. Lippe’s assertion: Leverage will be less prevalent, because the market value of associate work will be less than it is today. While partner contribution may be essentially the same as today, the declining value of the work of non-partners and other fee earners will reduce overall revenue for work between today and two years hence by as much as 20 percent.
We’re not convinced that firms will devalue leverage for two reasons:
1.       Mr. Lippe’s hypothesis assumes that the legal work of 2011 will be identical to the legal work of 2008. We disagree.
2.      What is described as the “end of leverage” is in actuality an extension of leverage. The current supply/demand dynamic between purchasers and providers of legal services does not mean the end of leverage. If anything, an expectation of reduced pricing power argues for more efficient planning and staffing of matters and a closer look at the structure of practice groups and law firms.
The Work of the Future
Whether Mr. Lippe is correct about the relative value of a piece of work today and in three years is largely irrelevant. For starters, today’s premium work is tomorrow’s commodity work. This is the case in most industries, and we don’t believe the legal industry is an exception. While partners will appropriately be compensated for their “deep expertise, and judgment about the client, the law and best practices…..” pricing power is as much about the type of law as the lawyer. This is at least in part a function of supply and demand, and will impact associate pricing right along with the partners for whom they are working. 
We’re hard pressed to believe that the nature of legal work will be static over the next three years, and that there won’t be new types of work, new areas in which there will be an opportunity to become an expert, and areas of law in which the demand for expertise will return pricing power to the lawyer and the law firm.
Leverage Continues to be the Answer       
Mr. Lippe points to four places that dollars will go instead of into the pockets of law firms:
1.      “Clients will just flat-out spend less, drive harder bargains and get more for their money.”
Clients driving harder bargains will force law firms to produce efficient work. That means good work at the lowest cost. Alternative pricing and deep discounting does not argue for a de-emphasis of leverage as a driver of profitability. While most firms are cutting headcount through associates and staff, we believe that the smarter firms are the ones who are taking this opportunity to deal with underperforming partners as well. 
2.      “Some work will go to outsourcers, whether onshore or off.”
 How is this not leverage? This form of leverage will continue to expand, and we acknowledge that there is work currently done by large full service firms that will be handled much more efficiently by other providers. We refer again to the fact that legal work is not static in nature. There is certainly work that is handled today by paralegals that was handled by associates 10 or 20 years ago. 
3.      “More work will go to contract lawyers or proto-associates not on any kind of partnership track.”
This form of leverage too will continue to expand.
4.      “Some associate time will get replaced by technology.”
Nothing new here. No question, legal work will continue to evolve and technology will help firms become more efficient. This is the ultimate form of leverage.
Mr. Lippe asserts that “associate time is a pricing mechanism, not an indicator of value.” While we don’t disagree, it seems fairly clear that all fee earner time is a pricing mechanism within an hourly billing system, and that the market itself is the indicator of value. For Mr. Lippe and other proponents of the argument that law firms are on the brink of “the end of leverage” we’re very interested to learn how firms will maintain, or grow, profitability without the use of leverage. While there may be a small decline in overall leverage ratios of large firms over the next year or two, we believe this will be the result of firms being slow to make hard decisions about partners. This, surely, must be temporary. At Redwood, we’ve studied the drivers of profitability across hundreds of firms, and found that leverage is far and away the second biggest driver of firm profitability (behind revenue per lawyer). We just don’t see leverage diminishing in importance, regardless of economic factors or advances in technology. These things aren’t new. 
As for the current demand imbalance between law firms and clients: as a wise man once said, “this too shall pass."
–Bo Yancey
Bo Yancey is the Director of Professional Services at Redwood Analytics. He leads a team of consultants who provide practical advice to law firm leaders interested in using analytics to manage the business of law.

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February 19, 2009

Merit Based Systems?

4:37 pm

The recent  NYT article, “Chill of Salary Freezes Reaches Top Law Firms”, once again highlights that the recession is causing many firms to rethink their compensation structure. In the short term that means freezing salaries. “There is this sense that firms didn’t act prudently during the boom and now they are getting religion, and that it’s better late than never…Many associates we have spoken to think the freeze probably saved jobs.” In addition, many firms are also taking the long term approach of moving to a more merit-based compensation and advancement system. David Lat, founding editor of AboveTheLaw.com, suggests “I think some breakdown in the lock-step mentality might actual stick. Firms are recognizing that on a certain level, it makes sense to pay people in a way that reflects their performance”

But can merit based systems become a reality in a profession steeped with tradition and typically averse to change? For Henry Bunsow, a partner at Howrey, the answer is yes. Bunsow states, “I would say the leaders of Howrey are very concerned about client perception and the cost of legal services and justifying the cost of legal services… And the idea that the compensation levels are arbitrarily set, when those compensation levels in turn result in hourly billing rates, makes no sense from a business standpoint – no business in this country would run themselves that way.” Howrey introduced a merit-based system in 2007.
Still, many will argue that a move towards a system without billable hour requirements or mathematical formulas will result in fewer billable hours. There are two answers to this argument. First, for many law firms, culture dictates lawyers work long hours, so a minimum billable hour requirement is unnecessary.  Second, focusing on the quality of hours and not the quantity can have a greater impact to firm profitability than any negligible impact on hours. The key is to make the hours count. As Bunsow also notes, “Our goal is to attract and keep the best people, to compensate them for what they’re worth and to justify their cost to the clients, because we think clients are willing to pay for high quality legal services.”
To implement such a system, law firm managers should begin with full disclosure for the reasons for changing to a new system. Next, evaluation criteria should be discussed. If the goal is improving quality of work, special consideration should be given client satisfaction. Recently, the Association of Corporate Counsel began working on a “Value Challenge Index”. Criteria for the value proposition can be easily applied to a merit based evaluation and includes:
1.       Understands goals and expectations
2.       Legal expertise
3.       Efficiency/process management
4.       Responsiveness
5.       Innovation/Flexibility
6.       Results delivered
7.       Values: Pro Bono/diversity/green/professionalism
The merit based decisions and budgets for salary increases should be put in the hands of practice group leaders. “In this fashion, the firm can control its budget and the percent of associate salary expense relative to revenue and total expenses.  Also, since these partners are most knowledgeable about associate performance, they are the most appropriate persons to award merit increases.” Lastly, increased monitoring and management of individual margins and rate spreads is essential to improving profitability in a merit based system. But you were doing that already, right?

–Rick Rawls

Rick Rawls is a Senior Business of Law Consultant for Redwood Analytics/Lexis Nexis

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Watch This Space

4:35 pm

Keep watching MorePartnerIncome.net, now sponsored by Redwood Analytics as part of LexixNexis, as we bring you more of the thoughtful content you've come to expect on the financial management of the law firm.  We welcome your comments and ideas, and look forward to offering insightful financial management techniques and business practices for law firms. 

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